#YIN AND YANG THEORY SOCIOLOGY DRUGS SERIES#

Considering this situation, the Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine (IITCM), an affiliation of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (CACMS), jointly worked with more than 10 Chinese medicine research institutes and universities in China, and established a language system of traditional Chinese medicine (TCMLS) through the joint efforts of more than 300 experts over 10вЂ‰years since 2002.

#YIN AND YANG THEORY SOCIOLOGY DRUGS SERIES#

In recent years, the TCM research field has paid much attention to basic research, obtaining relevant achievements in this, but in practical applications there are still a series of open problems. This situation leads to great challenges for effective understanding, dialogue and integration between the two. Moreover, there is a huge difference between the TCM terminology system and the Western medical terminology systems both have different thinking modes and are based on divergent cognition principles. These problems hinder the modernization of Chinese medicine and the application of information technologies, and also result in difficulties to promote and popularize international standards for TCM terminology. Due to the lack of unified semantic specifications and standards, there is a large number of semantic ambiguity problems in the TCM literature, occurring in the phenomena of homonyms and synonyms.

After thousands of years of development and evolution, various regional cultural differences and modes of usage provided richness and diversity to its terminology system. The development of the TCM theory has been deeply influenced by the Chinese traditional philosophies in the past centuries, it was provided with rich oriental cultural connotation. Its basic idea is to represent domain knowledge in the form of labeled graphs, whose nodes represent entities or concepts, whereas edges represent semantic relationships between these concepts. Ontology-based semantic networks provide common structured representation of knowledge. Compared with traditional methods, such as subject heading and taxonomy, ontology has various advantages: it has a logical foundation, it supports deductive reasoning and semantic retrieval, it has good extendibility and easy maintenance.

Ontology is a new technology for constructing medical terminology and knowledge systems. The medical terminology system, as an effective means to establish a standardization of medical terms, plays a fundamental role in practical applications, including medical literature retrieval, clinical decision support, data mining and knowledge discovery. It also provides a foundation and methodology for building a large-scale, unified semantic and extensible knowledge graph platform. it is intended to satisfy functional requirements which are relevant for natural language processing, information extraction, semantic retrieval, clinical decision support in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. The goal is to construct a formal middle-level ontology that is compatible with both the traditional medical terminology system and modern medical terminology standards. We propose a middle level ontology for TCMLS which may support entailment and ensure coherence, we also draw out a mapping which possess a more reasonable framework with a unified semantic criterion, it is application scenarios oriented and can be further updated and extended. Through comparison with TCMLS-SN, according to viewpoints of GFO, some semantic types and relations were reconstructed within GFO-TCM. We start with analyzing the technical specification based on TCMLS, considering some obvious classification errors and problems of ambiguity of semantic expressions in TCMLS-SN, followed with using a top-down approach for building a middle level ontology which is based on the framework General Formal Ontology (GFO), take into account the compatibility with TCM related concepts, turn out the results of a modification of the current TCMLS-SN, called GFO-TCM. There is a large number of classification errors or inconsistent expressions of terms remained in the current TCMLS- SN, which hamper an efficient utilization of the data stored in TCMLS in practical applications. Though, many data produced and stored in TCMLS have poor quality for historical reasons or because of human factors. Its top-level framework, called TCMLS-semantic network (SN), provides an important basis for the standardization and mapping of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) terminology systems.

Until now, more than 120,000 concepts, 300,000 terms and 1.27 million semantic relational links are included. The traditional Chinese Medicine Language System (TCMLS) is a large-scale terminology system, developed from 2002 on by the Institute of Information of Traditional Chinese Medicine (IITCM).

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